A Letter Asking Buddhist Leaders to Support Tsuru for Solidarity
Fort Sill and the Incarceration of Japanese “Enemy Aliens” during World War II
Morning “Press Conference” at Fort Sill with the Tsuru for Solidarity Organizer Mike Ishii Guiding the Group Before the Military Police Arrived [Molly Hennessy-Fiske, LA Times]

Watch the American Sutra Book Trailer with George Takei Below
This groundbreaking history tells the little-known story of how, in one of our country’s darkest hours, Japanese Americans fought to defend their faith and preserve religious freedom. The mass incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II is not only a tale of injustice; it is a moving story of faith. In this path-breaking account, Duncan Ryuken Williams reveals how, even as they were stripped of their homes and imprisoned in camps, Japanese American Buddhists launched one of the most inspiring defenses of religious freedom in our nation’s history, insisting that they could be both Buddhist and American.
Buddhist Protest of Inhumane Treatment of Migrant Children
Buddhist Clergy and Lay Leaders Join Tsuru for Solidarity and Dream Action Oklahoma at Fort Sill, Oklahoma (July 20, 2019). Video by Evan Kodani
"Because We Looked Like The Enemy"
A Production of Adamant Media
Armando Aparicio and Leighton Woodhouse
“Buddha In The Searchlights” by No-No Boy
“Buddha In The Searchlights” was commissioned for Williams’ “American Sutra” book talk at the Futures Without Violence gallery (San Francisco Presidio) on February 24, 2019, in conjunction with the gallery’s exhibition “Then They Came for Me: Incarceration of Japanese Americans during WWII and the Demise of Civil Liberties” (on view until May 27, 2019).
“American Sutra tells the story of how Japanese American Buddhist families like mine survived the wartime incarceration. Their loyalty was questioned, their freedom taken away, but their spirit could never be broken. A must-read for anyone interested in the implacable quest for civil liberties, social and racial justice, religious freedom, and American belonging.”
George Takei
actor, director, and activist
—
“A pioneering work on the history of Japanese Americans during WWII—an instant classic.”
Tetsuden Kashima
author of
Judgment without Trial
—
“Duncan Williams’s book is deep, detailed, and timely, especially at a time when the meaning of ‘citizenship’ in America is still unsettled.”
Gary Snyder
author of the Pulitzer Prize–winning Turtle Island
—
“By recounting the struggle of those interned to maintain their faith and traditions in the face of an unforgivable assault on both, American Sutra tells a larger tale of how America’s storied commitment to religious freedom so often clashes with its history of white, Christian exceptionalism. Reading this book, one cannot help but think of the current racial and religious tension that have gripped this nation—and shudder.”
Reza Aslan
author of
Zealot and God: A Human History
—
“In his revealing new history of Japanese American internment, Williams foregrounds the Buddhist dimension of the Japanese American experience. His moving account shows how Japanese Americans transformed Buddhism into an American religion, and, through that struggle, changed the United States for the better.”
Viet Thanh Nguyen
author of the Pulitzer Prize–winning
The Sympathizer
—
“American Sutra movingly and insightfully tells the long-buried true history of the ordeals suffered and triumphs achieved by Japanese American Buddhist individuals unjustly dispossessed and interned during WWII who drew on their Buddhist faith to remain loyal to the nation. I cannot recommend this compelling work highly enough for anyone who faces clearly the present-day conflicts of identities and yet aspires to a twenty-first-century vision of America’s still-possible promise for the world.
Robert A. F. Thurman
Columbia University
—
“American Sutra is a critically important, carefully researched, and deeply moving work of scholarship and storytelling that brings to light—from a dark and shameful period in our nation’s past—a forgotten part of our religious and cultural history. This book raises timely and important questions about what religious freedom in America truly means.”
Ruth Ozeki
author of
A Tale for the Time Being
—
American Sutra Events
-
February 2019
- Feb 14, 2019 Seattle Elliott Bay Book Company Feb 14, 2019
- Feb 15, 2019 Portland — Powell’s Books at Cedar Hill Crossing Feb 15, 2019
- Feb 16, 2019 BCA Northwest District Buddhist Convention Feb 16, 2019
- Feb 17, 2019 Buddhist Church of San Francisco — Dharma Message based on “American Sutra” Feb 17, 2019
- Feb 19, 2019 Smithsonian National Museum of American History — Day of Remembrance 2019: Memory, Faith, and Music — Keynote with musical performance by Kishi Bashi Feb 19, 2019
- Feb 20, 2019 Yale University — “American Sutra: Buddhism and the WWII Japanese American Internment” Feb 20, 2019
- Feb 21, 2019 JCC Manhattan — Tricycle Magazine “Through a Buddhist Lens: Faith and Freedom in America” Lecture followed by a conversation with writer Pico Iyer Feb 21, 2019
- Feb 22, 2019 Harvard University — “American Sutra: Buddhism and the Incarceration of Japanese Americans during WWII" Feb 22, 2019
- Feb 23, 2019 Los Angeles Japanese American National Museum — “American Sutra: A Story of Faith and Freedom in the Second World War” Feb 23, 2019
- Feb 24, 2019 The Presidio — “American Sutra: Buddhism and the WII Japanese American Incarceration” and musical performance by No No Boy Feb 24, 2019
- Feb 25, 2019 UC Berkeley — “American Sutra: Buddhism and the Incarceration of Japanese Americans during WWII” Feb 25, 2019
- Feb 26, 2019 USC — American Sutra: A Conversation with Varun Soni Feb 26, 2019
- Feb 28, 2019 Duke University — “American Sutra: Buddhism and the WWII Japanese American Incarceration” Feb 28, 2019
-
March 2019
- Mar 1, 2019 Chicago Midwest Buddhist Temple — “American Sutra: Buddhism and the WWII Japanese American Incarceration” Mar 1, 2019
- Mar 2, 2019 Schaumburg, IL – Trickster Gallery Mar 2, 2019
- Mar 3, 2019 Chicago, IL – Midwest Buddhist Temple Mar 3, 2019
- Mar 4, 2019 University of Hawaiʻi — “American Sutra: Buddhism and the WWII Japanese American Incarceration” Mar 4, 2019
- Mar 13, 2019 California State University, Fresno — “American Sutra: Buddhism and the WWII Japanese American Internment” Lecture Mar 13, 2019
- Mar 21, 2019 San Jose State University — “American Sutra: Buddhism and the WWII Japanese American Incarceration” Mar 21, 2019
- Mar 23, 2019 Denver, CO – Association of Asian Studies (AAS) Meeting Mar 23, 2019
- Mar 31, 2019 San Jose, CA – San Jose Buddhist Church Betsuin — “American Sutra: Buddhism and the WWII Japanese American Internment” Mar 31, 2019
-
April 2019
- Apr 5, 2019 University of Oregon — “American Sutra: Buddhism and the WWII Japanese American Incarceration” Apr 5, 2019
- Apr 6, 2019 Buddha Eye Temple (Eugene, OR) — Dharma Talk and Workshop based on “American Sutra” Apr 6, 2019
- Apr 8, 2019 Philadelphia, PA – Presbyterian Historical Society Apr 8, 2019
- Apr 9, 2019 Philadelphia, PA – University of Pennsylvania Apr 9, 2019
- Apr 11, 2019 Little Rock, AR – Jerome/Rohwer Pilgrimage Apr 11, 2019
- Apr 13, 2019 Los Angeles, CA – LA Times Festival of Books (Hancock Foundation) Apr 13, 2019
- Apr 14, 2019 Los Angeles, CA – LA Times Festival of Books (Wallis Annenberg Hall) Apr 14, 2019
- Apr 15, 2019 UC Irvine — “American Sutra: Buddhism and the WWII Japanese American Incarceration” Apr 15, 2019
- Apr 23, 2019 New Orleans, LA – The National World War II Museum Apr 23, 2019
- Apr 25, 2019 2019 Association of Asian American Studies (Madison, WI) — Buddhism and the WWII Japanese American Incarceration: A Roundtable Discussion of Duncan Williams’ “American Sutra” Apr 25, 2019
- Apr 28, 2019 Book Talk on Day after Manzanar Pilgrimage Apr 28, 2019
-
May 2019
- May 3, 2019 Berkeley Zen Center – Dharma talk based on “American Sutra” followed by conversation with Vice-Abbot Alan Hozan Senauke May 3, 2019
- May 4, 2019 Emeryville, CA – J-Sei May 4, 2019
- May 5, 2019 Mountain View Buddhist Temple – Dharma message based on “American Sutra” May 5, 2019
- May 8, 2019 Tokyo, Japan — Sophia University, Institute of American and Canadian Studies May 8, 2019
- May 19, 2019 Anaheim, CA – Orange County Buddhist Church May 19, 2019
-
June 2019
- Jun 9, 2019 San Diego, CA – Buddhist Temple of San Diego Jun 9, 2019
-
July 2019
- Jul 6, 2019 Twin Falls, ID – Minidoka Pilgrimage (time and venue tbd) - “American Sutra” Lecture Jul 6, 2019
- Jul 26, 2019 Powell, Wyoming – Heart Mountain Pilgrimage Jul 26, 2019
-
August 2019
- Aug 16, 2019 Nagano, Japan - Nojiri Lake Association Aug 16, 2019
-
September 2019
- Sep 10, 2019 Charlottesville, VA – University of Virginia Sep 10, 2019
- Sep 11, 2019 New York City, NY – Union Theological Seminary Sep 11, 2019
- Sep 21, 2019 San Francisco Zen Center Sep 21, 2019
- Sep 22, 2019 Houston, TX – Houston Zen Center Sep 22, 2019
- Sep 28, 2019 Gardena, CA – Gardena Buddhist Church Sep 28, 2019
-
October 2019
- Oct 5, 2019 Oakland, CA – Buddhist Church of Oakland Oct 5, 2019
- Oct 6, 2019 Sebastopol, CA – Enmanji Buddhist Temple Oct 6, 2019
- Oct 9, 2019 Berea, KY – Berea College Oct 9, 2019
- Oct 13, 2019 Sacramento, CA – Buddhist Church of Sacramento Oct 13, 2019
- Oct 26, 2019 Las Vegas, NV – US Soto Zen Members’ Conference – Keynote Lecture “What is American Buddhism?” Oct 26, 2019
-
November 2019
- Nov 1, 2019 San Antonio, TX - Crystal City Pilgrimage Nov 1, 2019
- Nov 19, 2019 Grinnell, Iowa – Grinnell College Nov 19, 2019
- Nov 24, 2019 San Diego, CA – American Academy of Religion Annual Meeting at the San Diego Convention Center Nov 24, 2019
-
December 2019
- Dec 3, 2019 Portland, OR – Heart of Wisdom Zen Temple Dec 3, 2019
- Dec 4, 2019 Portland, OR – Reed College Dec 4, 2019
-
January 2020
- Jan 19, 2020 Los Angeles, CA – San Fernando Valley JACL Installation Luncheon Jan 19, 2020
-
February 2020
- Feb 9, 2020 Thousand Oaks, CA – Ventura County JACL Installation Luncheon Feb 9, 2020
- Feb 22, 2020 Oakland, CA – Oakland Asian Cultural Center Feb 22, 2020
- Feb 23, 2020 Honolulu, HI - Soto Mission Association Spring Conference Feb 23, 2020
-
March 2020
- Mar 5, 2020 Twin Cities, MN – University of Minnesota Mar 5, 2020
- Mar 6, 2020 Twin Cities, MN - Minnesota Zen Meditation Center Mar 6, 2020
- Mar 11, 2020 Rosemead, CA – University of the West Mar 11, 2020
- Mar 27, 2020 CANCELLED Miami, FL – Southern Japan Seminar Mar 27, 2020
-
April 2020
- Apr 13, 2020 CANCELLED Pomona, CA – Pomona College Apr 13, 2020
- Apr 17, 2020 CANCELLED Cambridge, MA – Harvard Divinity School Apr 17, 2020
-
May 2020
- May 8, 2020 CANCELLED Los Angeles, CA – UCLA May 8, 2020
-
June 2020
- Jun 13, 2020 CANCELLED Winnipeg, Canada — “Humanity through a Buddhist Eye” Conference Jun 13, 2020
-
July 2020
- Jul 21, 2020 Heart Mountain, Wyoming Jul 21, 2020
-
August 2020
- Aug 1, 2020 Vancouver, Canada - Powell Street Festival Aug 1, 2020
- Aug 2, 2020 Richmond, Canada – Steveston Buddhist Temple Aug 2, 2020
-
October 2020
- Oct 3, 2020 CANCELLED Tokyo, Japan – Musashino University Oct 3, 2020
- November 2020
-
January 2021
- Jan 13, 2021 The Guibord Center Los Angeles (online) — Religion Inside Out – Webinar Lecture Jan 13, 2021
- Jan 23, 2021 Jodo Shinshu Buddhist Temples of Canada JSBTC (online) — Living Dharma Centre Lecture Series Jan 23, 2021
-
February 2021
- Feb 3, 2021 USC Shinso Ito Center for Japanese Religions and Culture (online) — Black x Japanese American Reparations: An Ito Center Spring 2021 Virtual Event Series and Book Club Feb 3, 2021
- Feb 6, 2021 USC Shinso Ito Center for Japanese Religions and Culture (online) — Sangha in Pandemic Times Feb 6, 2021
- Feb 17, 2021 Convergence on Campus (online) — Hour with An Author Feb 17, 2021
- Feb 19, 2021 Arizona State University - Asian American Studies Program, Center for Buddhist Studies Feb 19, 2021
- Feb 24, 2021 University of San Francisco (online) – Day of Remembrance Keynote Speech - The Irei Names Monument: A Memorial to Persons of Japanese Ancestry Incarcerated in the U.S. during WWI Feb 24, 2021
-
March 2021
- Mar 6, 2021 Buddhist Churches of America Center for Buddhist Education (online) — Zen & Shin Buddhism Lecture Series Mar 6, 2021
- Mar 16, 2021 Zen Peacemakers International Members Meeting — Repairing America’s Racial Fractures: Lessons from Japanese American Zen Ancestors Mar 16, 2021
- Mar 16, 2021 Harvard Divinity School (Cambridge, MA) — Harvard Buddhist Community (HBC) The 2021 Buddhism and Race Speaker Series Mar 16, 2021
- Mar 18, 2021 Cornell Interfaith Council (Ithaca, NY) — Buddhism, Race, and American Belonging: Past and Present Mar 18, 2021
- Mar 21, 2021 Barre Center for Buddhist Studies (online) — Buddhism, Race, and American Belonging: An Asian American View Mar 21, 2021
- Mar 22, 2021 Association of Asian Studies — AAS Annual Meeting Presidential Panel - Global Asias: Undisciplining as An Emergent Field Mar 22, 2021
-
April 2021
- Apr 4, 2021 Healing America's Racial Karma: A Conversation with Larry Ward Apr 4, 2021
- Apr 13, 2021 USC Shinso Ito Center for Japanese Religions and Culture (online) — Black x Japanese American Reparations: An Ito Center Spring 2021 Virtual Event Series and Book Club Apr 13, 2021
- Apr 15, 2021 Venice Japanese American Memorial Monument — Memorial and Monument: Remembering the Japanese American Past Apr 15, 2021
- June 2021
- November 2021
-
January 2022
- Jan 22, 2022 Zen at the Half-Century: Zenshuji Temple and the WWII Japanese American Incarceration Jan 22, 2022
-
February 2022
- Feb 26, 2022 – Nov 27, 2022 “Sutra and Bible: Faith and the Japanese American World War II Incarceration” Exhibit at JANM Feb 26, 2022 – Nov 27, 2022
- Feb 26, 2022 Sutra and Bible: Curator’s Preview Tour Feb 26, 2022
-
March 2022
- Mar 2, 2022 Smith College - The Ireihi: A Contemporary Buddhist Monument to the Names of Japanese Americans Incarcerated during WWII Mar 2, 2022
- Mar 3, 2022 Amherst College - Buddhism as Refuge: Faith and the Japanese American WWII Incarceration Mar 3, 2022
- Mar 9, 2022 Tufts University - Buddhism and the WWII Japanese American Incarceration Mar 9, 2022
- Mar 29, 2022 Furman University - Repairing the Racial Karma of a Nation: A Buddhist Response to Anti-Asian Animus and Violence Mar 29, 2022
-
April 2022
- Apr 9, 2022 Lecture - Inclusion/Exclusion: A Buddhist Perspective on Race and Religion Apr 9, 2022
- Apr 12, 2022 Lecture - American Sutra: A Story of Faith and Freedom in the Second World War Apr 12, 2022
- Apr 23, 2022 Recollecting Names: A Buddhist Approach to the Santa Fe Internment Camp Experience Apr 23, 2022
-
June 2022
- Jun 2, 2022 – Jun 5, 2022 Garrison Institute - The Future of American Buddhism Jun 2, 2022 – Jun 5, 2022
- Jun 17, 2022 – Jun 20, 2022 Refuge-Liberation: A View of Belonging from Asian America Jun 17, 2022 – Jun 20, 2022
- Jun 25, 2022 Zen-Shin Dialogue: Moderating a Conversation with Bishop Marvin Harada and Bishop Noriaki Ito Jun 25, 2022
-
August 2022
- Aug 13, 2022 For Every Generation: Recovering and Sharing Family Histories Aug 13, 2022
-
January 2023
- Jan 28, 2023 Who is My Neighbor? Allyship Then and Now Jan 28, 2023
-
February 2023
- Feb 1, 2023 What Matters to Me and Why? Feb 1, 2023
-
June 2023
- Jun 10, 2023 A Buddhist Approach to Remembrance: The Irei Monument Project Jun 10, 2023
-
July 2023
- Jul 9, 2023 The Irei Project presented by Duncan Ryūken Williams Jul 9, 2023
-
September 2023
- Sep 23, 2023 Memory & Monument-Making: Repairing our Racial Karma Sep 23, 2023
-
October 2023
- Oct 5, 2023 Keynote Lecture - Buddhism and Nonviolence Conference II Oct 5, 2023
- Oct 8, 2023 Confronting Race and Injustice on the Path to True Freedom: A Year-Long Inquiry into Buddhist Community and Care Across Difference Oct 8, 2023
- Oct 27, 2023 Reaching Across Barbed Wire Fences: America’s Last WWII Concentration Camp Oct 27, 2023
- November 2023

Bonus Material
List of the over 600 Shinto, Buddhist, and Christian priests and ministers in the WWII camps.
Rev. Shozen Naito locking up the doors to the Buddhist temple in Florin, California as he is forcibly removed by the U.S. Army to an incarceration camp
National Archives and Records Administration, 1942
Media Inquiries
We welcome media inquires about the book and author. Members of the press are invited to email Duncan with questions or for interviews.
Book Cover Press Images
Includes high-resolution cover art.
Author Press Images
Includes high-resolution author photos.

More Books
